大學英語四級閱讀練習
What is terrorism??
In a growing number of conflicts around the world, one or both sides attempt to label the other as “terrorist”in an effort to win support for their own causes. Yet as the so-called “terrorists group” often proclaim, a clear distinction between a terrorist action and a non-terrorist military operation is frequently difficult to establish. Most governments argue that terrorism is
defined by violent methods to achieve political ends which are undertaken by organizations not recognized by the world community as legitimate representatives of a nation; furthermore, random acts of violence, like attacks on school buses or shopping centers, are labeled as “terrorist”. Political organization as the IRA(Irish Republican Army) and the PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization) have been dubbed(稱為) “terrorists”, by the governments of England and Israel because of their tactics and their non-official statuses as representatives of accurately defined nations. In the case of the PLO, however, its election to power under Yasser Arafat has now
confused its former recognition as terrorist. Even the IRA is earning status as an authentic opposition voice to the continued presence of British troops on Irish soil.?
All this simply highlights the problems of separating what is a legitimate political organization with “the right” to employ violence to achieve political ends from so-called terrorist groups. Inseparable from this issue is historical precedence(地位先后) and the degree of power and prestige an organization or nation has on the world stage. For example, while most independent observes would agree that the IRA setting off a bomb in a London subway station confirms its notoriety, they would be less certain that Israel’s recent bombing of a refugee camp is equally “terrorist”, despite the
fact that many more innocent people were killed and injured in the latter incident than in the former. This raises the question, though certainly not for the first time, whether legitimate, even democratically elected, governments are also capable of terrorist action. Is there always a clear moral distinction between the behavior of normally respected nations and that of “rogue”(流氓) organizations? What does seem clear from these reflections is not that terrorist actions are in any way justified, but that the use of
such labels is sometimes based on a political need rather than on superior moral or ethical grounds.?
1.What is the point the article tries to make??
A) Non-official status of a political organization involves
terrorist suspicion.?
B) Terrorism defies clear-cut distinction.?
C) Terrorist element exists in every violent conflict.?
D) Government actions are never guilty of terrorism.?
2.Which of the following could be concluded from the article??
A)An indisputable example of a terrorist group is PLO.?
B)Actions to achieve political ends cannot avoid using force.?
C)An acceptable criterion for terrorism is killing civilians.?
D)International prestige is a justification for violence.?
3.The classification of PLO is now less clear because___.?
A) it begins to show friendly attitude towards Israel?
B) it stands for an independent state in the Middle East?
C) it is no longer engaged in random performance of violence?
D) it is the elected political representative of the Palestine?
4.It could be logically inferred from the article that____.?
A) terrorism is not being defined on ethical criteria?
B) defense actions committed on a foreign land is admissible?
C) terrorism unavoidably involves immoral policies?
D) democratic nations are innocent of terrorism?
5.The author wrote this article to ___.?
A) show sympathy to unrecognized national forces?
B) condemn political motives in defining terrorism?
C) justify the ambiguity in giving terrorism labels?
D) call for better approaches to terrorism
答案與解析：
1.B。 ?
無法清楚地區分恐怖主義。中心思想題。根據原文第二段第二句：Yet as the so-called “terrorists group” often proclaim, a clear distinction between a terrorist action and a non-terrorist military operation is frequently difficult to
establish. 以及原文其它信息可綜合得知B選項：Terrorism defies clear cut
distinction.是本題正確答 案。A：一個政治組織的非官方地位涉嫌為恐怖主義組織。C：在每一起暴力沖突中都存在恐怖主義因素。D：政府行為從不會犯恐怖主義錯誤。都與原文信息不符，故均為錯誤答案。
2.D。 ?
在國際上的影響力(聲望)是暴力活動的正當借口。推理判斷題。根據原文所給關于IRA和PLO例子可知D選項：International prestige is a justification for
violence.是正確答案。A：一個不容置疑的恐怖主義組織例子就是巴解組織。B：達到政治目的的行動無法避免使用武力。C：人們所接受的定義恐怖組織的`一個標準就是屠殺平民。都與原文信息不符，故均為錯誤答案。?
3.D。 ?
它現在是巴勒斯坦人民所選出的代表。細節判斷題。根據原文第二段倒數第二句話：In the case of the PLO, however, its election to power under Yasser Arafat has now confused its former recognition as terrorist. 可知D為正確答案。A：開始對以色列表現友好態度。B：在中東地區代表了一個獨立國家。C：不在牽涉進無節制的暴力行動中。都與原文信息不符，故均為錯誤答案。
4.A。 ?
定義恐怖主義的標準不是建立在道德上。推理判斷題。根據原文最后一句話：What does seem clear from these reflections is not that terrorist actions are in any way justified, but that the use of such labels is sometimes based on a political need rather than on superior moral or ethical grounds. 可知A為正確答案。B：允許在別的國家進行自衛行動。C：恐怖主義不可避免地都要牽涉到不道德的政策。D：民主國家不會犯恐怖主義活動罪。都與原文信息不符， 故均為錯誤答案。?
5.B。 ?
譴責在定義恐怖主義時的政治目的。觀點態度題。根據原文中心以及作者用詞，語氣，可知B為正確答案。A：對未獲得承認的國家武裝力量表達同情。C：證明在貼恐怖主義標簽時含糊不清是有道理的。D：號召對恐怖主義活動采取更好的處理方式。都與原文信息不符，故均為錯誤答案。?
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