- 相關(guān)推薦
2017考研英語(yǔ)水平試題及答案全解
下面是小編整理的英語(yǔ)試題,歡迎大家前來(lái)查看。
Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it.Humans are thoughtful and creative,possessed of insatiable curiosity.(61)Furthermore,humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live,thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.Therefore,it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner,with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.
“Anthropology”derives from the Green words anthropos“human”and logos“the study of”.By its very name,anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.
Anthropology is one of the social sciences.(62)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned,orderly,systematic,and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
Social science disciplines include geography,economics,political science,psychology,and sociology.Each of thesesoical sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.
All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity.Anthropology is a fieldstudy oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.(63)The emphasis on data gathered firsthand,combined with a crosscultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present,makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture.Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of19th century science.(64)Tylor defined culture as“…that complex whole which includes belief,art,morals,law,custom,and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”.This insight,so profound in its simplicity,opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understa nding human life.Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned,shared,and patterned behavior.
(65)Thus,the anthropological concept of“culture”,like the concept of“set”in mathematics,is an abstract concept whichmakes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
翻譯題解:
61) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
句子分析:
第一、句子可以拆分為兩段:Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, / thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是:
1)這是個(gè)主句+分詞短語(yǔ)表示伴隨狀態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu):humans have the ability to modify... thus subjecting ...
2) the environment in which they live是先行詞+定語(yǔ)從句。
第三、詞的處理:
modify the environment in which they live 改變他們的生存環(huán)境
subjecting all other life forms to 讓所有其它形態(tài)的生命服從……
完整的譯文:
61)而且,人類(lèi)還有能力改變自己的生存環(huán)境,從而使所有其它形態(tài)的生命服從人類(lèi)自己獨(dú)特的想法和想像。
考點(diǎn)總結(jié):1)不定式短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ);2)介詞+定語(yǔ)從句;3)分詞短語(yǔ)表示伴隨狀態(tài)。
62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
句子分析:
第一、句子可以拆分為四段:Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry / which seeks to study humans and their endeavors / in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner / that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
第二、句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是:
主句+ which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句+方式狀語(yǔ)(in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner)+定語(yǔ)從句。
第三、詞的處理:
Social science 社會(huì)科學(xué)
intellectual enquiry 知識(shí)探究
humans and their endeavors 人類(lèi)及其行為
reasoned 理性的
orderly 有序的
systematic 系統(tǒng)的
dispassioned 冷靜的
natural phenomena 自然現(xiàn)象
完整的譯文:
62)社會(huì)科學(xué)是知識(shí)探索的一個(gè)分支,它力圖像自然科學(xué)家研究自然現(xiàn)象那樣,用理性的、有序的、系統(tǒng)的和冷靜的方式研究人類(lèi)及其行為。
考點(diǎn)總結(jié):1)定語(yǔ)從句;2)方式狀語(yǔ);3)多重并列定語(yǔ)。
63) The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
句子分析:
第一、句子可以拆分為四段:The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, / combined with a cross?cultural perspective / brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, / makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是:
1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句:The emphasis..., combined with..., makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
2)主語(yǔ)后面帶有on data gathered first-hand是主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ),combined with相當(dāng)于and的意思,是對(duì)主語(yǔ)內(nèi)容的補(bǔ)充,perspective可以理解成主語(yǔ)的并列成分,brought to the analysis of cultures past and present是perspective的定語(yǔ)。其中past and present是cultures的定語(yǔ)。
第三、詞的處理:
The emphasis翻譯時(shí)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞
data gathered first-hand搜集的第一手資料
combined with加上,(這個(gè)短語(yǔ)不影響主語(yǔ)的數(shù)的變化)
a cross-cultural perspective跨文化視角
this study這一研究
完整的譯文:
63)強(qiáng)調(diào)搜集第一手資料,加上在分析過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的文化形態(tài)時(shí)采用跨文化視角,使這一研究成為一門(mén)獨(dú)特并且非常重要的社會(huì)科學(xué)。
考點(diǎn)總結(jié):1)帶有多重修飾成分的簡(jiǎn)單句;2)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ);3)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)4)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。
64) Tylor defined culture as "... that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as amember of society."
句子分析:
第一、句子可以拆分為三段:Tylor defined culture as "... that complex whole / which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits / acquired by man as a member of society."
第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是:
1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是:Tylor defined culture as "...that complex whole..."其中whole是“整體”的意思。后面是一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的定語(yǔ)從句,翻譯時(shí)可以和先行詞拆開(kāi)。
2)which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中有多重并列賓語(yǔ),acquired by man as a member of society是賓語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)。
第三、詞的處理:
Tylor人名,按照音譯
defined culture as 將文化定義為
that complex whole 一個(gè)復(fù)合體
belief 信仰
morals 道德
man as a member of society 人作為社會(huì)成員
完整的譯文:
64)泰勒把文化定義為“一個(gè)復(fù)合體”,它包括人作為社會(huì)成員所獲得的信仰、藝術(shù)、道德、法律、風(fēng)俗以及其它能力和習(xí)慣。
考點(diǎn)總結(jié):1)定語(yǔ)從句;2)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ);3)多重并列賓語(yǔ)。
65) Thus, the anthropological concept of "culture," like the concept of "set" in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
句子分析:
第一、句子可以拆分為四段:Thus, the anthropological concept of "culture," like the concept of "set" in mathematics, / is an abstract concept / which makes possible / immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是:
1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是:主語(yǔ)+插入語(yǔ)(like the concept of) +系表結(jié)構(gòu)(is an abstract concept) + which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
2) immense amounts of concrete research and understanding是動(dòng)詞makes的賓語(yǔ),possible是狀語(yǔ)前置。
第三、詞的處理:
the anthropological concept of "culture,"人類(lèi)學(xué)的“文化”概念
the concept of "set" in mathematics數(shù)學(xué)中“集”的概念
an abstract concept抽象概念
immense amounts of concrete research大量的具體研究
完整的譯文:
65)因此,人類(lèi)學(xué)中“文化”的概念就像數(shù)學(xué)中“集”的概念一樣,是一個(gè)抽象概念。它使大量的具體研究和認(rèn)識(shí)成為可能。
考點(diǎn)總結(jié):1)表示比較的插入語(yǔ);2)定語(yǔ)從句;3)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ);4)狀語(yǔ)前置。
英譯漢試題參考譯文
人類(lèi)無(wú)時(shí)無(wú)地不在探究他們所居住的這個(gè)世界,并且驚嘆于他們所處的地方。人類(lèi)有思想、有創(chuàng)造性,而且具有難以滿(mǎn)足的求知欲。(61)而且,人類(lèi)還有能力改變自己的生存環(huán)境,從而讓所有其他形態(tài)的生命服從人類(lèi)自己獨(dú)特的想法和想象。因此,運(yùn)用冷靜和系統(tǒng)的方法對(duì)人類(lèi)的廣泛性與多樣性進(jìn)行研究,是至關(guān)重要的。我們希望通過(guò)這些研究獲得的知識(shí)可以促進(jìn)人與人之間、以及人類(lèi)與地球上的所有其他物種更加和諧地共存。
“人類(lèi)學(xué)”一詞起源于希臘語(yǔ)anthropos(人類(lèi))和logos(對(duì)于…的研究)。顧名思義,人類(lèi)學(xué)包含了對(duì)全人類(lèi)的研究。
人類(lèi)學(xué)屬于社會(huì)科學(xué)。(62)社會(huì)科學(xué)是知識(shí)探索的一個(gè)分支,它力圖像自然科學(xué)有研究自然現(xiàn)象那樣,用理性的、有序的、系統(tǒng)的和冷靜的方式研究人類(lèi)及其行為。
社會(huì)科學(xué)包括地理學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、政治學(xué)、心理學(xué)和社會(huì)學(xué)等學(xué)科。社會(huì)學(xué)的每一學(xué)科都包含一門(mén)與人類(lèi)學(xué)密切相關(guān)的分支或?qū)I(yè)。
一切社會(huì)科學(xué)都以研究人類(lèi)為核心。人類(lèi)學(xué)是一門(mén)以實(shí)地考查為導(dǎo)向的學(xué)科,在研究中需要廣泛地運(yùn)用比較法。(63)強(qiáng)調(diào)收集第一手資料,加上在分析過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在文化形態(tài)時(shí)采用跨文化視角,使得這一研究成為一門(mén)獨(dú)特并且非常重要的社會(huì)科學(xué)。
人類(lèi)學(xué)的研究在很大程度上取決于文化觀(guān)念。愛(ài)德華·泰勒先生提出的文化概念是十九世紀(jì)杰出的理論成就之一。(64)泰勒把文化定義為“…一個(gè)復(fù)合整體,它包括人作為社會(huì)成員所獲得的主仰、藝術(shù)、道德、法律、風(fēng)俗以及其它能力和習(xí)慣”。這一概念雖然簡(jiǎn)潔,但卻含義深刻,它為認(rèn)識(shí)和理解人類(lèi)生活開(kāi)創(chuàng)了一條嶄新的道路。泰勒關(guān)于文化的定義暗示出這樣一個(gè)概念,即文化是后天習(xí)得的、與他人共享的和形成固定模式的行為。
(65)因此,人類(lèi)學(xué)中的“文化”概念就像數(shù)學(xué)中“集”的概念一樣,是一個(gè)抽象概念。它使大量的具體研究和認(rèn)識(shí)成為可能。
【考研英語(yǔ)水平試題及答案全解】相關(guān)文章:
考研英語(yǔ)模擬試題及答案解析09-25
考研英語(yǔ)試題及參考答案11-10
考研政治史綱試題及答案解析09-25
提升現(xiàn)代學(xué)生英語(yǔ)水平試題08-22
醫(yī)學(xué)考研試題09-10
2023年新加坡入境流程全解01-30
2006年考研數(shù)學(xué)(四)試題及答案(完全修正版)08-08
2006年考研數(shù)學(xué)(三)試題及答案(完全修正版)08-08
2007年考研政治理論試題參考答案09-26