考研英語閱讀理解B型題練習題

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　　Directions:

　　In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.

　　1） Many of the options have already been rehearsed in the press: excluding some treatments from the NHS, charging for certain drugs and services, and developing voluntary or compulsory health insurance schemes.

　　2） we spend about 7 per cent of GDP on health, compared with 9 per cent in the Netherlands and 10 per cent in France and Germany. In terms of health outcomes versus spend, we compare pretty favourably.

　　I don't see private health care providing much of the solution to current problems. 3） Neither is close to being implemented, but the future could see a deliberate shift of attention to voluntary health insurance and an emphasis on social insurance.

　　4） Even so, higher taxes will plainly be needed to fund health care. I think we'll eventually see larger NHS charges, more rationing of medical services and restrictions on certain procedures without proven outcomes. Stricter eligibility criteria for certain treatments are another possibility.

　　5） None of them is going to win votes for the political party desperate enough to introduce them— but then nobody is going to vote for ill-health or an early death either.

　　［A］English National Health Service is a universal health-keeping system. But Now, the shortage of money becomes a serious problem.

　　［B］All such options would mean a sharp break with tradition and political fall-out that could be extremely damaging.

　　［C］The options provides solution to the shortage of money problem.

　　［D］I expect individuals to take greater responsibility for their personal health using technology that allows self-diagnosis followed by self-treatment or home care.

　　［E］Looking at how far we'll be able to fund the Health Service in the 2lst century raises any number of thorny issues.

　　［F］More likely is a shift from universal health coverage to top-up schemes which give people basic health entitlements but require them to finance other treatment through private financing, or opt-out schemes which use tax relief to encourage individuals to make private provision.

　　［G］Compared to its European Union counterparts Britain operates a low-cost health system

　　答案及詳解

　　1.E.第一段可譯為“看一看21世紀我們能為國民保健服務提供多少資金，會發現一大堆棘手問題。許多解決辦法已經在報紙上討論過多次，例如把一些治療項目從國民保健服務中剔除出去，對某些藥物和服務實行收費，建立自愿或強制性醫療保險制度等等。”選項A是干擾事項。選項A是最根本上的問題。

　　2.G.“與歐盟其他國家相比，英國實行的是一套低成本醫療保健體系：我們花在醫療保健方面的錢占國內生產總值的百分之七，與荷蘭、法國、德國相比，我們的表現還是不錯的。”因為后面列舉了本國以及其他國家醫療保健占國內生產點值的百分比，可以看出英國實行低成本醫療保健體系。

　　3.F.“更可行的'辦法是由全民醫療保健制轉向補差付費制，后一制度讓人們享有基本的醫療保健權，但要求個人自籌資金支付超出基本醫療保健的費用；另一個辦法是實行退出制，即利用減稅鼓勵個人解決自己的醫療保險問題。”作者認為私費醫療保健對于解決目前問題起不了多大作用，接著提出相比之下更多可行的辦法。

　　4.D.“我預計，利用使個人能夠自診，然后自療的技術或通過家居護理，人們將對自身健康負起更大責任。”下文：即使如此，顯然仍要增稅為醫療保健提供資金。我們最終會看到國民保健服務收費會更高，更多的醫療服務實行定量配給，對未證明以有效果的某些療法會加以更多的限制……。選項關鍵詞語：Even so。

　　5.B.“所有這些解決辦法都意味著與傳統一刀兩斷，而且可能會產生極具破壞性的政治影響。沒有哪種辦法會給萬不得已采取這一辦法的政黨贏得選票-但是也沒人會投票贊成身體多病或過早死亡。”選項C為干擾項。

　　中心思想

　　英國的國民保健服務是一種全民醫療保健體系，兒童、孕婦及低收入的人看病不要錢，其他人看病只交掛號費性質的處方費。不過處方費年年漲，如今已到6.2磅，可是資金短缺仍是一個大問題。

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